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Atretochoana
''Atretochoana eiselti'' is a species of caecilian originally known only from two preserved specimens discovered by Sir Graham Hales in the Brazilian rainforest, while on an expedition with Sir Brian Doll in the late 1800s, but rediscovered in 2011 by engineers working on a hydroelectric dam project in Brazil. Until 1998, it was known only from the type specimen in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.〔 Originally placed in the genus ''Typhlonectes'' in 1968, it was reclassified into its own monotypic genus, ''Atretochoana'', in 1996. It was also found to be more closely related to the genus ''Potomotyphlus'' than ''Typholonectes''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Taxonomy )〕 The species is one of two caecilians to lack lungs, the other being ''Caecilita iwokramae''.
== Description ==
''A. eiselti'' is the largest tetrapod to lack lungs, double the size of the next largest.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Atretochoana eiselti )〕 Caecilians such as ''Atretochoana'' are limbless amphibians with snake-like bodies, marked with rings like those of earthworms. It has significant morphological differences from other caecilians, even the genera most closely related to it, even though those genera are aquatic.〔 The skull is very different from those of other caecilians, giving the animal a broad, flat head.〔 Its nostrils are sealed,〔 and it has an enlarged mouth with a mobile cheek.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Biology )〕 Its body has a fleshy dorsal fin.〔
Most caecilians have a well-developed right lung and a vestigial left lung. Some, such as ''Atretochoana''s relatives, have two well-developed lungs. ''Atretochoana'', however, entirely lacks lungs, and has a number of other features associated with lunglessness, including sealed choanae, and an absence of pulmonary arteries.〔 Its skin is filled with capillaries that penetrate the epidermis, allowing gas exchange. Its skull shows evidence of muscles not found in any other organism.〔 The Vienna specimen of ''Atretochoana'' is a large caecilian at a length of ,〔 while the Brasília specimen is larger still at . By comparison, caecilians range in length from .〔
Although it is not a snake, it has been called various common names in the media such as "penis snake", "man-aconda", and "floppy snake", owing to its visual similarity to the human penis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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